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JMD 2001, Vol. 3, No. 1
Copyright © 2001 American Society for Investigative Pathology & Association for Molecular Pathology

Molecular Approaches to Identification of Tissue Contamination in Surgical Pathology Sections

Maria J. Worsham*, Sandra R. Wolman{dagger} and Richard J. Zarbo*

From the Department of Pathology, * Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; and the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, {dagger} F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland

The finding of possibly contaminant tissues or cells in surgical or cytology case material can be a challenging problem in diagnostic anatomical pathology samples. The reported rates of occurrence have ranged from 0 to 8.8% (including prospective and retrospective cases). A diagnostically dissimilar tissue fragment, whether contiguous with other tissue or among other fragments within a paraffin section, and which is not incompatible with the case tissue, often requires a rigorous investigation to confirm or deny its relevance to the case. Fluorescence in situ hybridization using dual red and green DNA probes to regions of the X and Y chromosomes, respectively, were used in one case where the potential contaminant was suspected to have originated from a male patient. The putative contaminant tissue fragment was confirmed as male, with cells having one X and one Y chromosome, unlike the other tissue fragments on the slide with two X chromosomes. In a second case, DNA polymorphisms were used to compare allelic patterns that were informative not only in proving the extraneous tissue as a contaminant, but in addition, could be used to trace the latter to its original tissue source. The molecular tools of fluorescence in situ hybridization in sex-mismatched cases and of DNA microsatellite probes that are applicable to paraffin sections can provide definitive identifiers of tissues and individual cells. They are important adjuncts to histology for the anatomical pathologist when faced with the diagnostic problems of tissue contamination encountered in routine practice.




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Copyright © 2001 by the American Society for Investigative Pathology and the Association for Molecular Pathology.